2 × 10−9 yr−1 derived from high-resolution geodetic (GNSS) data and with the overall seismicity deformation pattern. The latter is in good agreement with extension rates of ca. 1–2 MPa, associated with horizontal extension rates up to ca. We show that the flexural response to GIA induces present-day stress perturbations of ca. In this study, we focus on the Western Alps case using numerical modeling of lithosphere response to the Last Glacial Maximum icecap. In formerly glaciated regions such as Fennoscandia North America or the Western Alps, stress perturbations from Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) have been proposed as a major cause of large earthquakes. The understanding of the origins of seismicity in intraplate regions is crucial to better characterize seismic hazards. These characteristics - multiple ways to run the model, multiple solution methods, multiple boundary conditions, and short compute time - make gFlex an effective tool for flexural isostatic modeling across the geosciences. Typical calculations with gFlex require < 1 s to ∼1 min on a personal laptop computer. Finite difference solutions in gFlex can use any of five types of boundary conditions: 0-displacement, 0-slope (i.e., clamped) 0-slope, 0-shear 0-moment, 0-shear (i.e., broken plate) mirror symmetry and periodic. As an example of this in-script coupling, I simulate the effects of spatially variable lithospheric thickness on a modeled Iceland ice cap. gFlex is also a component with the Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS) and Landlab modeling frameworks for coupling with a wide range of Earth-surface-related models, and can be coupled to additional models within Python scripts. To simulate the flexural isostatic response to an imposed load, it can be used by itself or within GRASS GIS for better integration with field data. Here I present gFlex (for GNU flexure), an open-source model that can produce analytical and finite difference solutions for lithospheric flexure in one (profile) and two (map view) dimensions. Such a model is needed for studies of mountain building, sedimentary basin formation, glaciation, sea-level change, and other tectonic, geodynamic, and surface processes. Starting as a company for NDT of pile foundations, Geo Dynamics has grown considerably to provide services for testing of super structures, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and cable locator applications, conventional load tests for pile foundations, span load tests and a variety of end user specific applications.Isostasy is one of the oldest and most widely applied concepts in the geosciences, but the geoscientific community lacks a coherent, easy-to-use tool to simulate flexure of a realistic (i.e., laterally heterogeneous) lithosphere under an arbitrary set of surface loads. We take credit for introducing and popularizing NDT of pile foundations on major infrastructure and real estate projects of the country like Railways, Metro Rails, NHAI, Power sector, Oil & Gas, Offshore and real estate. The team consists of dedicated professionals who have executed challenging projects in India and abroad. Today, Geo Dynamics is India’s leading company in Non Destructive Testing of Foundations and Superstructures using the world’s latest state of art techniques and equipments. We started in 1998 in Vadodara with commitment to introduce innovative and effective technologies to the deep foundations industry based on our past work experience in Singapore and South East Asia.
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